熱線：
編輯：Bound 發(fa)表時間：2018-01-23
隨著城鎮化水平提高、生活消費方式變化、對食品安全重視、貨運企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模化經營，冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)快速發展，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)仍是(shi)(shi)(shi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)“老大難”，對冷鏈(lian)技術(shu)、運(yun)(yun)輸實力(li)、運(yun)(yun)輸效率要求極高。冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)垂直細分行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，控制溫度、降低成本、信息(xi)技術(shu)創新與監管(guan)到位(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理的(de)核心和難點，這(zhe)(zhe)也使得冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)相對其(qi)他行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理依賴性更強(qiang)。“互聯網(wang)+”冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理將互聯網(wang)介(jie)入貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理，采用云技術(shu)、互聯網(wang)信息(xi)技術(shu)解決冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)問題，將這(zhe)(zhe)一領域創新、升級為行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態鏈(lian)條上最具(ju)有價值的(de)一環，帶來(lai)冷鏈(lian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全新的(de)革命(ming)。
“互聯(lian)網+”冷鏈(lian)貨運的概念(nian)
冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)從初始供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，中(zhong)間(jian)經歷了采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購、運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、配送三個(ge)(ge)環節(jie)，最后(hou)到達(da)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者的(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)系(xi)統(tong)。冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)主要(yao)有(you)：初級農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)（果(guo)蔬、禽(qin)肉(rou)、蛋(dan)、水(shui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)）、加工食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)（速凍(dong)(dong)(dong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)如冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)禽(qin)肉(rou)等(deng)包(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、冰淇淋和(he)奶制品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，快餐原(yuan)料等(deng)）和(he)特殊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)（藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)）。不(bu)同(tong)于傳(chuan)統(tong)常溫保(bao)(bao)存的(de)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)易腐爛變(bian)質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)貨(huo)損(sun)(sun)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)難，這就要(yao)求(qiu)從生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)到流通都要(yao)精確低溫調(diao)整(zheng)控制，保(bao)(bao)證商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)，低損(sun)(sun)耗、少污染，因此(ci)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)具有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)投入、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效率(lv)“三高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”特征。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)技術要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)投入是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)資本、設施設備(bei)要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本投入是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)基本條件；高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效率(lv)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)有(you)效銜接、整(zheng)合冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，快速穩定實現(xian)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)。冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)把(ba)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購環節(jie)）、中(zhong)間(jian)（運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)環節(jie)）和(he)下(xia)游（配送環節(jie)）各(ge)個(ge)(ge)環節(jie)緊(jin)密對(dui)(dui)(dui)接和(he)整(zheng)合，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)體系(xi)（圖(tu)）。如果(guo)缺(que)乏有(you)效的(de)組織管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機制，上(shang)(shang)(shang)游冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購環境(jing)和(he)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)疏于管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)流程信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)不(bu)暢，信(xin)(xin)(xin)任缺(que)失，反應(ying)(ying)遲鈍(dun)，下(xia)游銷售終端的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者無法(fa)有(you)效參與。一旦某個(ge)(ge)環節(jie)出(chu)現(xian)“斷鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”，都可能(neng)導致(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)昂(ang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本。“互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)以消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)為(wei)經營導向，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地通過(guo)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)終端將(jiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)相關信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)錄入形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相關文件，提(ti)供(gong)給供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)各(ge)種商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，包(bao)括：冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)數量(liang)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長或生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟或者完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)、產(chan)(chan)地地址、貨(huo)主、貨(huo)主聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)方式等(deng)，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)獲取相應(ying)(ying)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)并(bing)經過(guo)篩選(xuan)加工處理(li)(li)(li)后(hou)，將(jiang)它(ta)輸(shu)入至互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺，客戶根據自己需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)在(zai)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺搜索、篩選(xuan)所需(xu)(xu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，然(ran)后(hou)向對(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)發出(chu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)訂單，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)將(jiang)根據獲得的(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)去(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)集中(zhong)、初加工處理(li)(li)(li)后(hou)，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)互(hu)通，促(cu)進供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙方達(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)易。“互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)整(zheng)合“線上(shang)(shang)(shang)線下(xia)”管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，即線下(xia)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)同(tong)線上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺相結(jie)合，對(dui)(dui)(dui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)集中(zhong)整(zheng)合，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)環節(jie)之間(jian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)遞速度，連接與協同(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條上(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)方利益(yi)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專業化貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)解(jie)決方案
、我國(guo)“互聯網+”冷鏈貨運(yun)現(xian)狀
據(ju)全(quan)(quan)球管理(li)咨詢(xun)公司麥肯錫(xi)發布的(de)年中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)數字消費(fei)者調(diao)查報告顯示，食品網(wang)(wang)購需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)大幅(fu)增(zeng)長(chang)，其中(zhong)購買最(zui)頻(pin)繁的(de)是常溫(wen)和生(sheng)(sheng)鮮食品，購買頻(pin)次次/年，遠高(gao)于服(fu)飾(shi)類(lei)次/年。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)報告網(wang)(wang)顯示，-年我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮電商(shang)交易規(gui)(gui)(gui)模分(fen)(fen)別為億元(yuan)、億元(yuan)、億元(yuan)、億元(yuan)、億元(yuan)，環比增(zeng)長(chang)率分(fen)(fen)別為%、%、%、%、%，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運市(shi)場快(kuai)速(su)發展(zhan)（圖）。根(gen)據(ju)宇博智業發布的(de)冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運行業市(shi)場調(diao)查分(fen)(fen)析報告預測，未來(lai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)設備需(xu)求(qiu)年均(jun)增(zeng)長(chang)-%。智研咨詢(xun)發布的(de)《-年中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運市(shi)場研究及發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)研究報告》，預計(ji)年我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運需(xu)求(qiu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模將達到萬噸，-年年均(jun)復合(he)增(zeng)長(chang)率約為%，年需(xu)求(qiu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模將達到萬噸。“互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運管理(li)促進生(sheng)(sheng)產商(shang)與客(ke)戶交流(liu)，彌補(bu)了(le)(le)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)和采購商(shang)之(zhi)間(jian)信息不(bu)對稱，降低(di)企(qi)(qi)業成本，增(zeng)加企(qi)(qi)業盈利能力。山(shan)東省搭建能覆(fu)蓋全(quan)(quan)省貨(huo)運企(qi)(qi)業云平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，企(qi)(qi)業在平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)上免費(fei)注冊(ce)，實現省平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、合(he)作企(qi)(qi)業之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)業務(wu)數據(ju)信息共享，但這只是區(qu)域性(xing)的(de)貨(huo)運公共信息平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，由(you)于我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運企(qi)(qi)業專(zhuan)業化程(cheng)度不(bu)高(gao)，實力薄(bo)弱、經銷規(gui)(gui)(gui)模小，服(fu)務(wu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)統一，難以實現綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)、全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)、集成化的(de)網(wang)(wang)絡貨(huo)運服(fu)務(wu)體系，提(ti)供(gong)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)服(fu)務(wu)不(bu)到總體需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)%。年末，上海市(shi)消費(fei)者權益保護委員會對網(wang)(wang)購蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)進行了(le)(le)抽樣調(diao)查，從家網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)隨(sui)機購買斤樣品，經檢測斤蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)中(zhong)件不(bu)符合(he)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，不(bu)符合(he)率為%。可見我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運企(qi)(qi)業尚處于初級階段，很難保質保鮮的(de)將冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)品配送(song)到消費(fei)者，實現“互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運行業的(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模經濟與專(zhuan)業化發展(zhan)。
、我(wo)國“互聯網(wang)+”冷鏈(lian)貨運存在問(wen)題與(yu)難點
政府重視不夠
政府關注(zhu)度不(bu)(bu)足，國(guo)家(jia)投入小(xiao)，致使我國(guo)“互(hu)聯網+”冷鏈貨(huo)(huo)運全程(cheng)技術、基礎設(she)施建設(she)等缺乏資金(jin)，創(chuang)新條件不(bu)(bu)足，技術落后，電子數據交換、遠程(cheng)控制平臺(tai)、自動識(shi)別射頻技術(RadioFrequencyIdentification，RFID)、項目化管理(li)軟件、云貨(huo)(huo)運等冷鏈技術沒有普(pu)及應用，信(xin)息化設(she)備配備較低。
供應商與采(cai)購商之間存在(zai)信息(xi)不對稱、信息(xi)漏洞
信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)不(bu)(bu)對稱、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)漏(lou)洞是導致冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運管理成(cheng)本高的(de)首要(yao)因素。美(mei)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部與(yu)國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)業(ye)書(shu)館(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)合開發的(de)AGNET是全(quan)球最(zui)大的(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)系統(tong)，覆蓋(gai)美(mei)國(guo)、加拿大等個國(guo)家，連通美(mei)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部、州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)署、大學和農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)生產加工企業(ye)，實(shi)現冷(leng)鏈(lian)上下游互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)共享，促進了美(mei)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經濟(ji)發展。而我(wo)國(guo)冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運管理供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)采(cai)購(gou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)重視利用(yong)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)平臺搜索、篩選所需(xu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，基本靠貨(huo)運經理協調、管理數(shu)條運輸線(xian)路，電話、郵件是貨(huo)物在途的(de)主要(yao)追蹤方式，商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)質量、溫度等信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)內容少，時(shi)滯效(xiao)應(ying)造成(cheng)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)采(cai)購(gou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)之間信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)不(bu)(bu)對稱。同時(shi)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)采(cai)集各種采(cai)購(gou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)發出的(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)需(xu)求信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，存在信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)漏(lou)洞。采(cai)購(gou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)發出的(de)采(cai)購(gou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)被(bei)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)及時(shi)獲取而產生時(shi)間成(cheng)本。
流通(tong)環節冗長、運輸成(cheng)本高
運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸成本(ben)高是制(zhi)約冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)管(guan)理(li)的(de)關鍵。“互聯網(wang)+”冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)主體是冷(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品生產者和消費者，從(cong)生產者通過批發商(shang)(shang)或者直(zhi)銷，將產品配(pei)(pei)送(song)至超(chao)市(shi)連鎖店、中(zhong)小商(shang)(shang)店、餐(can)飲企業(ye)等，直(zhi)接到達消費者，流通環節少(shao)、效(xiao)率高，一體化程(cheng)度高（圖(tu)）。英(ying)國CREngland運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸公司擁有先(xian)進輔助設備，包括電子(zi)數據交(jiao)換、卡車衛星定位(wei)系統、車載電腦(nao)及遠程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)平臺、項目(mu)化管(guan)理(li)軟(ruan)件(jian)及自主開發的(de)TENFOLD編程(cheng)語言軟(ruan)件(jian)，為每(mei)個(ge)車輛配(pei)(pei)備全(quan)球(qiu)定位(wei)系統、網(wang)絡跟(gen)蹤設備和網(wang)絡賬單功能(neng)，按照客戶(hu)指定時(shi)間(jian)送(song)抵，提高公司營(ying)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)效(xiao)率，規(gui)避因(yin)不能(neng)按時(shi)送(song)遞貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)承擔賠(pei)償風險。而我(wo)國冷(leng)鏈(lian)供應鏈(lian)傳導機制(zhi)從(cong)生產商(shang)(shang)獲取采購信息到消費者消費，中(zhong)間(jian)經(jing)歷五到六個(ge)環節，冗長、復雜的(de)冷(leng)鏈(lian)環節增加裝(zhuang)卸(xie)成本(ben)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸成本(ben)，增加人(ren)、財(cai)、物(wu)(wu)的(de)損耗。又由于跨(kua)區域的(de)長途運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸條(tiao)件(jian)限制(zhi)，冷(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品的(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)導致中(zhong)轉(zhuan)或延長銷售的(de)時(shi)間(jian)極短，只能(neng)近距離銷售，部分(fen)冷(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品不得(de)不處理(li)掉，造成了(le)物(wu)(wu)資成本(ben)提高。
配送(song)效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)，控制協調難度(du)大
由于信息化(hua)軟件應用不(bu)廣(guang)泛，配(pei)送(song)(song)管(guan)理(li)(li)依(yi)賴人(ren)力(li)控(kong)制、協調各個業務流程(cheng)，受(shou)主觀因素產生的不(bu)確定性影響，使得配(pei)送(song)(song)過程(cheng)更為復雜，引起貨運監管(guan)成本高、監管(guan)難度大和監管(guan)不(bu)到(dao)位，出(chu)現(xian)受(shou)控(kong)性薄(bo)弱，處理(li)(li)問(wen)題(ti)時效(xiao)性差(cha)，不(bu)能及時有效(xiao)地完成配(pei)送(song)(song)。同時，配(pei)送(song)(song)路線(xian)過于輾轉、配(pei)送(song)(song)方(fang)式不(bu)合理(li)(li)造成大量(liang)隱(yin)性費用。從(cong)配(pei)送(song)(song)中心(xin)到(dao)銷售商(shang)，冷鏈貨運采用多種(zhong)混合冷鏈商(shang)品(pin)使用一輛(liang)車到(dao)多家店的配(pei)送(song)(song)方(fang)式，增(zeng)加(jia)了冷鏈商(shang)品(pin)的在途(tu)時間，延(yan)長到(dao)貨時間。如在途(tu)溫度較高，溫控(kong)不(bu)當，會(hui)損毀商(shang)品(pin)質量(liang)，加(jia)快腐爛變質，也增(zeng)加(jia)了不(bu)必要的開支，比(bi)如燃油(you)費用和維(wei)修費用等。
溫控監管難
在(zai)途溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)實時(shi)(shi)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)難(nan)，導致高(gao)額成(cheng)本。若途中出現(xian)(xian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)問題，難(nan)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)止損，大(da)(da)多數發(fa)現(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)已(yi)是(shi)(shi)究責階段，給運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)各方(fang)帶來糾紛隱患(huan)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)對(dui)于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)至關(guan)重要(yao)(yao)，把控(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)主要(yao)(yao)依托商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)地(di)、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、倉(cang)儲、外(wai)界監(jian)管(guan)四(si)個(ge)環節。一是(shi)(shi)生產(chan)地(di)需要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和監(jian)管(guan)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)生產(chan)地(di)對(dui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)添加(jia)標簽(qian)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)預冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，保(bao)(bao)質時(shi)(shi)間是(shi)(shi)阻(zu)礙冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)一大(da)(da)因(yin)(yin)素(su)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)過程要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證車(che)廂溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)和調(diao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置、車(che)廂的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)遞。美國(guo)、加(jia)拿大(da)(da)廣泛使(shi)用三(san)段式冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)車(che)，具有自動溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)檢測、相關(guan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)設(she)備與記錄(lu)、強制(zhi)供(gong)電驅動、衛星追(zhui)蹤與監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)等。而我國(guo)GPS定位裝置安裝費(fei)(fei)用較(jiao)高(gao)，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置難(nan)以(yi)有效確(que)定，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)途中車(che)廂的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)難(nan)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)遞給供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)，使(shi)得客戶(hu)對(dui)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)不能(neng)(neng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)跟蹤，造成(cheng)信(xin)(xin)用缺失。三(san)是(shi)(shi)倉(cang)儲技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)落后，跟進獲(huo)取冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)車(che)和倉(cang)庫(ku)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)增加(jia)大(da)(da)量(liang)人力成(cheng)本和時(shi)(shi)間成(cheng)本。德(de)國(guo)采用自動化冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)庫(ku)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，包(bao)括儲藏(zang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)自動化、高(gao)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)動力存儲HDDS、電子(zi)數據(ju)交換及(ji)(ji)(ji)倉(cang)庫(ku)管(guan)理系統WMS，其儲藏(zang)保(bao)(bao)鮮期比普(pu)通(tong)(tong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)延長(chang)~倍。氣(qi)調(diao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)是(shi)(shi)最先進、可應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)蔬農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)儲藏(zang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，德(de)國(guo)使(shi)用氣(qi)調(diao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)保(bao)(bao)存蘋(pin)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比率達到蘋(pin)果(guo)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)%~%。四(si)是(shi)(shi)外(wai)界監(jian)管(guan)力度(du)(du)(du)不夠。造成(cheng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理“老大(da)(da)難(nan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部因(yin)(yin)素(su)是(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨運(yun)(yun)管(guan)理信(xin)(xin)息(xi)不透明。冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屬性以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)整個(ge)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)不透明，消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者不能(neng)(neng)有效參與全(quan)(quan)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)監(jian)管(guan)過程，對(dui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)險性無法確(que)認，致使(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者對(dui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)鮮信(xin)(xin)任(ren)缺失，后續消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)很難(nan)持續。
管理人才缺乏
互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)與冷鏈(lian)貨運管理(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)結(jie)合、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)、應用是開展“互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”冷鏈(lian)貨運的(de)重要保障。我國人才(cai)培(pei)養模式主要采用學(xue)徒方式，缺(que)乏(fa)“互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”冷鏈(lian)貨運技術(shu)專業(ye)系統(tong)培(pei)訓，缺(que)乏(fa)掌握新(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)貨運信息技術(shu)，具備(bei)數據挖掘(jue)與貨運系統(tong)優化(hua)決策能力(li)的(de)管理(li)(li)(li)人才(cai)，很難實(shi)現(xian)信息化(hua)管理(li)(li)(li)，貨運技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。尤其是“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”建設進入時代，我國更缺(que)乏(fa)將互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)與冷鏈(lian)貨運管理(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)結(jie)合的(de)復(fu)合型國際人才(cai)。
解決“互聯網+”冷鏈貨運(yun)管理(li)問題、難點(dian)的對(dui)策
以立法(fa)(fa)形式(shi)制定冷鏈貨(huo)運法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規體(ti)(ti)系和標準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系
首(shou)先，政(zheng)府(fu)應制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)宏觀(guan)政(zheng)策，指導其發(fa)展。如日本制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)《新綜合貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)施政(zheng)大綱》、《貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)效(xiao)率化(hua)法》等。其次，實施專(zhuan)業市場準入制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)認(ren)證體(ti)系(xi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，促使冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)向標準化(hua)、集(ji)約化(hua)發(fa)展。最后，建設冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)運(yun)輸過程的標準體(ti)系(xi)，完善貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)全程管理(li)，規(gui)范上下游銜接，促進我國(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)業向規(gui)范化(hua)、產(chan)業化(hua)發(fa)展。如美國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)強制(zhi)(zhi)性規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：雞蛋在生產(chan)后個小時內必須冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)，儲存和(he)運(yun)輸期間(jian)的溫度(du)(du)保持在℃、A級奶制(zhi)(zhi)品儲存溫度(du)(du)不得高(gao)于℃等。
政府應加(jia)大(da)財(cai)政資金(jin)投入，形成多元(yuan)化投入機制
根(gen)據實(shi)際(ji)情況，分別建立以政(zheng)(zheng)府投(tou)(tou)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)導的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)制和以政(zheng)(zheng)府投(tou)(tou)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)、企(qi)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)入為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)制，為(wei)(wei)(wei)“互聯網+”與冷鏈(lian)貨(huo)運管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)結合提(ti)供(gong)資(zi)金支持，以貼息貸款(kuan)等方式減輕企(qi)業(ye)前(qian)期建設(she)冷庫、購買冷藏(zang)車輛、專用(yong)冷藏(zang)車與貨(huo)架(jia)及精密檢測儀器等的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金投(tou)(tou)入負(fu)擔。加強冷凍運輸工具資(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)入，加強冷凍運輸工具的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)生產，提(ti)高運輸工具的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)載率(lv)。
建立全(quan)國性(xing)的(de)冷鏈貨運(yun)公共信息平臺
信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)遞便捷性帶(dai)來區域弱(ruo)化(hua)，借鑒山(shan)東(dong)省搭建能覆蓋全(quan)省貨(huo)運(yun)企(qi)業(ye)云平臺，建立全(quan)國性的冷鏈(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)公共(gong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)平臺，企(qi)業(ye)在平臺上(shang)免費注冊，實現全(quan)國平臺、合作企(qi)業(ye)之間(jian)的業(ye)務數據(ju)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)；開發(fa)管(guan)理軟件，健全(quan)客戶服務、市場(chang)供求、庫儲、運(yun)輸、交易等信(xin)(xin)息(xi)收集、處理和發(fa)布(bu)的軟件系統，實現資(zi)源優化(hua)配(pei)置、數據(ju)交換和信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)，提高冷鏈(lian)(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)管(guan)理水平，縮減人、財、物成本(ben)。
提升(sheng)互聯網技術(shu)，降(jiang)低運輸(shu)高成本
互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術高度發展，為冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)搭建被互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)覆蓋的(de)供應(ying)鏈(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，將(jiang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)鏈(lian)上各方(fang)利(li)益緊密相連，同時(shi)利(li)用移(yi)動互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)平臺還可以統(tong)(tong)一(yi)計劃(hua)和(he)分派運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)訂單(dan)，實(shi)現即時(shi)追蹤，讓(rang)冷(leng)鏈(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高效(xiao)可控(kong)，降低冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)高成(cheng)本(ben)。互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)技(ji)(ji)術包括供應(ying)鏈(lian)管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、智能(neng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、自動識(shi)別(bie)射頻(pin)技(ji)(ji)術（RFID）等(deng)。供應(ying)鏈(lian)管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是指(zhi)為了應(ying)對(dui)冷(leng)鏈(lian)反應(ying)不足(zu)、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)漏洞(dong)而(er)產生(sheng)的(de)能(neng)夠降低冷(leng)鏈(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)本(ben)，并將(jiang)冷(leng)鏈(lian)有效(xiao)銜接的(de)管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，解決(jue)環節冗長問(wen)題，有效(xiao)縮短冷(leng)鏈(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行時(shi)間。智能(neng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是指(zhi)為了解決(jue)冷(leng)鏈(lian)商品在運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)途中存在的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不足(zu)、道路(lu)(lu)迷失等(deng)問(wen)題，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)技(ji)(ji)術進行程(cheng)序運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)算，有效(xiao)整(zheng)合車輛和(he)用戶信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，利(li)用全球定位導(dao)航(hang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)（GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem，GNSS）道路(lu)(lu)地圖規劃(hua)路(lu)(lu)線等(deng)，從而(er)減少運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。自動識(shi)別(bie)射頻(pin)技(ji)(ji)術是指(zhi)為了降低運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)過程(cheng)中溫控(kong)風(feng)險導(dao)致運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)一(yi)項技(ji)(ji)術，明確信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)追溯問(wen)題和(he)責任界(jie)定問(wen)題。另外，ERP系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、管理信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)MIS等(deng)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)技(ji)(ji)術可以實(shi)現運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)低成(cheng)本(ben)，提高“互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)+”冷(leng)鏈(lian)貨運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)管理效(xiao)率。
利用互聯網實(shi)現協調優化配送
一是(shi)利(li)用互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)改變配(pei)送方式。把一輛(liang)車(che)到多個店(dian)面，轉變為多輛(liang)車(che)到多個店(dian)面的配(pei)送方式。二是(shi)通過互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)整(zheng)合(he)店(dian)面的最近區域(yu)配(pei)送中心，配(pei)送路線，降(jiang)低輾轉成本，使冷鏈商(shang)品在最短(duan)時間內(nei)到達銷(xiao)售者手中。三利(li)用互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)進行(xing)針對性的監控，實時采集配(pei)送信息，增強貨運執(zhi)行(xing)的控制力，及時決(jue)(jue)策、處理相關問題(ti)，最大化實現協調優化，減少主觀決(jue)(jue)策。
利用(yong)互聯網實(shi)現(xian)綜(zong)合性、全過程監管
“互(hu)(hu)聯網+”冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運管(guan)理(li)在(zai)很大程度(du)(du)上可(ke)以解(jie)(jie)決冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運管(guan)理(li)的監(jian)管(guan)問題。首先(xian)，在(zai)上游環(huan)節(jie)(jie)，在(zai)生產地給冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)附上條形碼等電子標(biao)簽(qian)，因為電子標(biao)簽(qian)攜帶著冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)各種相關信(xin)(xin)息，包括冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)產地，適宜的溫控(kong)等。在(zai)初始預(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)，預(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)設(she)備(bei)可(ke)以利用(yong)互(hu)(hu)聯網自動讀(du)取(qu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)息，根(gen)據其(qi)具體的適宜溫度(du)(du)進行(xing)預(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)操作(zuo)。經過預(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)階段后，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)被轉到冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)車(che)(che)，同時冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)車(che)(che)能(neng)夠自動識別(bie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)類(lei)并(bing)進行(xing)自動調節(jie)(jie)車(che)(che)廂溫度(du)(du)。然后，車(che)(che)載終端獲(huo)取(qu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)息和車(che)(che)廂溫度(du)(du)信(xin)(xin)息，并(bing)上傳到貨(huo)運公司和互(hu)(hu)聯網平臺，通過對(dui)二者(zhe)信(xin)(xin)息的匹配處理(li)，判定貨(huo)物(wu)的溫度(du)(du)環(huan)境是否達到標(biao)準，從而實現貨(huo)運公司對(dui)車(che)(che)輛信(xin)(xin)息的監(jian)控(kong)。貨(huo)運公司也可(ke)以給消費(fei)者(zhe)提供(gong)實時商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)溫度(du)(du)信(xin)(xin)息查詢服務，使消費(fei)者(zhe)即時了(le)解(jie)(jie)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)安全保(bao)鮮性，實現綜合性、全過程監(jian)管(guan)。
加(jia)大(da)企業和高校冷鏈貨運管(guan)理人(ren)才的培養(yang)
培養“互聯網(wang)(wang)+”貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)企業(ye)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員掌(zhang)握新(xin)興(xing)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)信息(xi)技術，具備數據(ju)挖掘與(yu)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)系統優化決策能(neng)力，提(ti)高管(guan)理(li)精細化和(he)(he)(he)協同水平，實現貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)產業(ye)各個環節信息(xi)共享和(he)(he)(he)協同運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)。另(ling)外，培養“互聯網(wang)(wang)+”貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)企業(ye)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員具有(you)國際(ji)觀(guan)和(he)(he)(he)服務(wu)觀(guan)，擁有(you)國際(ji)貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)系統化運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)專業(ye)知識，包(bao)括海外貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)、跨境貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)、國際(ji)貿(mao)易(yi)以(yi)及海外市場法(fa)律、倉儲管(guan)理(li)模式(shi)應用(yong)等，提(ti)升資源(yuan)管(guan)控和(he)(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)率，將(jiang)客戶(hu)企業(ye)全(quan)球(qiu)外包(bao)和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)向貨(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)模塊(kuai)，與(yu)本土倉儲和(he)(he)(he)配(pei)送系統整合，實現供(gong)應鏈上游端和(he)(he)(he)下游端銜(xian)接，高效配(pei)置資源(yuan)。
、小結
隨著生活消費方式變化，人們對冷鏈貨運商(shang)(shang)品需(xu)求激(ji)增，我(wo)(wo)國冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)市場快速發展，但(dan)是我(wo)(wo)國“互聯網(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)企業尚處于(yu)初級(ji)階段，很難保(bao)質保(bao)鮮的(de)將冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)商(shang)(shang)品配(pei)送(song)到消(xiao)費者。“互聯網(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)管理通過(guo)互聯網(wang)管理和信息技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新，可以解決“互聯網(wang)+”冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)存在的(de)難點(dian)和問(wen)題，為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)搭建互聯網(wang)全覆蓋的(de)供應鏈(lian)和價值鏈(lian)，將運(yun)輸(shu)鏈(lian)上(shang)各點(dian)形成協同連接(jie)的(de)各方，發揮其優越性(xing)，使這一(yi)體系的(de)生(sheng)產者、銷售企業、冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)貨(huo)運(yun)運(yun)輸(shu)公司(si)、電商(shang)(shang)平臺、消(xiao)費者都(dou)成為直(zhi)接(jie)或間接(jie)的(de)受益人(ren)。
