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兩(liang)種(zhong)截然(ran)相反的大(da)件物流供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)管理模(mo)式

實踐界與理論界對如何最優地管理大件物流供應商的(de)問題有兩種截然不(bu)同的(de)模式。

一種(zhong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，即大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)正常交(jiao)易模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，認為(wei)對大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依賴程度要降到(dao)最低(di)，要將企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)討價(jia)(jia)還(huan)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)提(ti)(ti)高到(dao)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)主要是(shi)源于(yu)邁克(ke)爾。波(bo)特企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭戰略的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)，波(bo)特認為(wei)：“……在(zai)采(cai)購中(zhong)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)尋找某種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)抵(di)消或(huo)超越大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)權力(li)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)機制……通過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)，采(cai)購行為(wei)可(ke)以擴(kuo)展到(dao)所(suo)有(you)可(ke)供(gong)(gong)選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，以提(ti)(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)討價(jia)(jia)還(huan)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。”采(cai)用這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)進行大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)采(cai)購時有(you)意同大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)保持正常交(jiao)易關系，避免任(ren)何形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互承(cheng)諾。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好處(chu)是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)采(cai)購過(guo)程中(zhong)不會被任(ren)何大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所(suo)“拿住”，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)具有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)討價(jia)(jia)還(huan)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)獲得一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格優勢(shi)。但是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)要求企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)費(fei)用或(huo)交(jiao)易成(cheng)本(ben)很高，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)花費(fei)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錢在(zai)談判(pan)和處(chu)理(li)訂單上。例如由于(yu)高成(cheng)本(ben)地管(guan)理(li)一個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)基(ji)地，光在(zai)采(cai)購一項上，通用汽車公(gong)司就運用了(le)8倍于(yu)豐田的(de)(de)(de)(de)人員。同時，把采(cai)購在(zai)多(duo)個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)之間細分也降低(di)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)取得較大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)(mo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。

一種(zhong)模式，即(ji)伙伴(ban)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)模式，認為(wei)企業(ye)要和大件(jian)物流供(gong)(gong)應商發展(zhan)親密的(de)伙伴(ban)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，這和正常交易模式完全不同(tong)，結成伙伴(ban)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)企業(ye)能夠共(gong)享更多的(de)信息(xi)，能夠充分信任(ren)，協調相互依賴的(de)任(ren)務，并且(qie)投資創造具有關(guan)(guan)系(xi)特(te)定性的(de)資產(chan)，從而(er)降低(di)成本(ben)改(gai)進質量(liang)，加速產(chan)品(pin)開發。但(dan)是(shi)一些研究也發現建立與維(wei)持(chi)這種(zhong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)協調成本(ben)很高(gao)，也可能會降低(di)企業(ye)脫(tuo)離低(di)效益(yi)大件(jian)物流供(gong)(gong)應商的(de)能力。

這(zhe)兩(liang)種模(mo)式(shi)在實踐中都有(you)(you)應用(yong)(yong)，如(ru)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)車公(gong)司過去(qu)對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)流供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)的管理采用(yong)(yong)的就是這(zhe)種正常交易(yi)模(mo)式(shi)，通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)車公(gong)司曾試圖通(tong)(tong)過有(you)(you)意創造(zao)大(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)流供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)之間有(you)(you)力競爭并保持正常交易(yi)關系的方式(shi)來節約成本(ben)，盡管這(zhe)種模(mo)式(shi)遭到了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量批評，認為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)樣(yang)從長(chang)期(qi)戰(zhan)略來看具(ju)有(you)(you)負面效(xiao)應，但是這(zhe)一模(mo)式(shi)的確為(wei)(wei)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)車公(gong)司節約了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量的費用(yong)(yong)。相反，日本(ben)豐田企(qi)業同(tong)大(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)流供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)發展了(le)長(chang)期(qi)伙伴關系，并對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)流供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)的未來業務做出隱(yin)含的保證，而大(da)(da)(da)件(jian)物(wu)流供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)又進行具(ju)有(you)(you)關系特(te)定性的投資，以(yi)促進其在豐田關系中的生產力，研究(jiu)表明這(zhe)種模(mo)式(shi)減少了(le)存貨、提高了(le)供(gong)應品(pin)的質量，對(dui)豐田企(qi)業很有(you)(you)利。

日本大件(jian)物流供應(ying)商管理模式的創新(xin)

以上(shang)兩種(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)究(jiu)竟哪種(zhong)(zhong)更好呢？在(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)往往把(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)兩種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)截然分(fen)(fen)(fen)開，要么(me)選(xuan)擇(ze)正常(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，要么(me)選(xuan)擇(ze)伙伴(ban)關(guan)系模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)日本(ben)，卻有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)方式(shi)。他們對大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)群體(ti)(ti)進行(xing)戰(zhan)略性細分(fen)(fen)(fen)，以明確各大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)程度上(shang)對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心能(neng)力與競(jing)爭優勢做出(chu)貢獻，并(bing)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)些基礎(chu)上(shang)，采(cai)用兩種(zhong)(zhong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)有(you)針對性地對大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)進行(xing)區別(bie)管理(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)不僅能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)正常(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點也能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)伙伴(ban)關(guan)系模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點。具體(ti)(ti)來說，日本(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)把(ba)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)兩個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次，第一(yi)個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次是(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯營大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，這(zhe)(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)包(bao)括的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下屬企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)些大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)約有(you) 20%以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股權；小(xiao)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)獨立大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，這(zhe)(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)附加值高、定制化(hua)、個性化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)品。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)同第一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)保持伙伴(ban)關(guan)系，并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)能(neng)加入(ru)到(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次。第二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)組(zu)成企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二級大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)群體(ti)(ti)，并(bing)且這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)群體(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)向全體(ti)(ti)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)開放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，任何(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)可以參加進來，他們往往只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準化(hua)或商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸人(ren)品，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)般采(cai)用正常(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)同這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)打交(jiao)道。

戰略性大件物流(liu)供應(ying)商細(xi)分管理

1.戰略性大件物流供應商(shang)細分

戰(zhan)略性(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)細分(fen)就是(shi)(shi)指企業(ye)根據(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)品(pin)對(dui)本企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻，將(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)一級(ji)和二(er)級(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)兩(liang)個(ge)層次，然(ran)后有(you)針對(dui)性(xing)地(di)對(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)類大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)分(fen)別(bie)運用伙伴關系(xi)模(mo)式與正(zheng)常交易模(mo)式進行管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作。大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)細分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)就是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)品(pin)對(dui)本企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略意(yi)義，如果(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)人(ren)(ren)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)企業(ye)來說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)略性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)人(ren)(ren)品(pin)，是(shi)(shi)附加值(zhi)高、個(ge)性(xing)化和客戶(hu)化程度高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)，則把這(zhe)(zhe)類大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)第一類大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，在(zai)日(ri)本稱為(wei)聯營大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)；如果(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)人(ren)(ren)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)標準化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，對(dui)企業(ye)來說(shuo)不是(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)略性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)品(pin)，則將(jiang)這(zhe)(zhe)類大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)第二(er)類大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，即(ji)日(ri)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立(li)大(da)(da)(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)。非(fei)戰(zhan)略性(xing)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)品(pin)與戰(zhan)略性(xing)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要區別(bie)在(zai)于：

①非戰略性(xing)投入品產品單一、幾乎(hu)沒有關系特(te)定性(xing)投資的必然(ran)性(xing)；

②非戰略性投入品(pin)附加值較(jiao)低(di)。

2.有針對性有區(qu)別地大件物流供應商管理

在大件物流供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)戰(zhan)(zhan)略性(xing)(xing)(xing)細分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)區(qu)別管理。對(dui)(dui)非戰(zhan)(zhan)略性(xing)(xing)(xing)投(tou)人品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)采取持久(jiu)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)易模(mo)式與(yu)之打交(jiao)道，這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持久(jiu)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)易關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)是(shi)指企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)非是(shi)完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，并(bing)不像傳統正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)一(yi)樣(yang)也不是(shi)合(he)(he)作伙(huo)伴關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，而是(shi)介(jie)于傳統正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)與(yu)合(he)(he)作伙(huo)伴關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)中企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)首(shou)先要(yao)對(dui)(dui)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)選(xuan)擇，然(ran)后在(zai)(zai)多(duo)個大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)輪流(liu)(liu)購買(mai)，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)討價(jia)還(huan)價(jia)能(neng)力(li)，以(yi)(yi)使自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)具(ju)有成本(ben)優勢(shi)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)也可以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)一(yi)些專項(xiang)投(tou)資，并(bing)且只(zhi)要(yao)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)價(jia)格(ge)具(ju)有競爭性(xing)(xing)(xing)，其(qi)未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)就(jiu)能(neng)得到保障。對(dui)(dui)提供(gong)(gong)戰(zhan)(zhan)略性(xing)(xing)(xing)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)與(yu)其(qi)發展戰(zhan)(zhan)略合(he)(he)作伙(huo)伴關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有較高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)發與(yu)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)功能(neng)界面，建立企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)分(fen)享(xiang)界面，把專有知(zhi)識(shi)與(yu)技能(neng)傳遞給大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，例如(ru)使本(ben)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)工程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)與(yu)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)工程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)協作，以(yi)(yi)確保產(chan)品(pin)(pin)無缺(que)陷(xian)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定制(zhi)化，同時(shi)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也推(tui)進(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)(dui)本(ben)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)特(te)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)投(tou)資，使本(ben)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)大(da)(da)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織界限開(kai)始模(mo)糊起來，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)對(dui)(dui)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激勵程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)都很(hen)高(gao)，因為(wei)每一(yi)方(fang)都進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)特(te)殊投(tou)資，離開(kai)這(zhe)(zhe)種合(he)(he)伙(huo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)這(zhe)(zhe)種投(tou)資就(jiu)沒(mei)有任何(he)價(jia)值。