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       近日(ri)，交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)部正式(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)了《貨物多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)術語》、《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載單元標(biao)識》兩項多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)業標(biao)準(zhun)，將(jiang)于(yu)2017年(nian)4月(yue)1日(ri)起(qi)開始實施。這是交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)行(xing)業首次頒(ban)布(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)業標(biao)準(zhun)。填(tian)補了多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)標(biao)準(zhun)的空(kong)白，而且兩項基(ji)礎性標(biao)準(zhun)的頒(ban)布(bu)(bu)為后續多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)相關標(biao)準(zhun)的制修訂奠定了基(ji)礎，標(biao)志著我國多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)標(biao)準(zhun)體系(xi)建設翻開了新的篇章。

填補空白 統一行業認識

       目前，國家正在大力推動多式聯運發展。交通運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸部等十八個(ge)部門參與起草的(de)(de)(de)《關(guan)(guan)于進(jin)(jin)一步鼓勵開展多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工作的(de)(de)(de)通知》經國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院同(tong)意，已經正式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)印發實(shi)(shi)施(shi)，各地多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)創(chuang)新實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)如火如荼地進(jin)(jin)行。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)已經邁入(ru)發展的(de)(de)(de)黃金(jin)時(shi)期。但是，由于多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)概念起源于歐美國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，各個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)體制、環境和視(shi)角各不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)，對于多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)內(nei)涵的(de)(de)(de)界定(ding)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)盡相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。就(jiu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)而言(yan)，由于在(zai)(zai)(zai)引(yin)入(ru)國(guo)(guo)外多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)概念過(guo)程中沒(mei)有(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)行仔(zi)細區分，使(shi)得我(wo)國(guo)(guo)對相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)名詞的(de)(de)(de)解讀和翻(fan)譯容(rong)易出現(xian)偏差，在(zai)(zai)(zai)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)及相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)術語的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)述和使(shi)用(yong)上，經常會出現(xian)詞不(bu)(bu)達意、概念模(mo)糊甚至(zhi)概念混淆的(de)(de)(de)情況，對多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)概念和內(nei)涵認識不(bu)(bu)統一甚至(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)互矛盾，為(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)帶來許多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)誤解和障礙(ai)，制約了多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)發展以及服務(wu)(wu)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)概念的(de)(de)(de)界定(ding)是推動多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)發展的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)，也(ye)是制定(ding)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。兩項多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行業標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)頒布實(shi)(shi)施(shi)，尤(you)其是《貨物多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術語》，填補了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)，統一了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)概念和術語的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義，有(you)(you)利于提(ti)高(gao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術語的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)和規范化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)(ping)，對于深化(hua)(hua)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)認識、強化(hua)(hua)行業交流(liu)、促進(jin)(jin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行業實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)具(ju)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)意義。

適度超前 引導行業發展

      《貨(huo)物多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語》共包括多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)基礎術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語、裝備(bei)(bei)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語、設施(shi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語、作業術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語、參(can)與(yu)(yu)者術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語、服(fu)務與(yu)(yu)管理術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語和(he)國(guo)(guo)際聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語等(deng)七(qi)個(ge)核(he)心(xin)部分的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，共計(ji)給(gei)出了(le)49條多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)(xiang)關術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語和(he)概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)定義(yi)。《多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元標(biao)識(shi)》對(dui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)識(shi)系統(tong)及標(biao)識(shi)具體要求做出了(le)規定。在標(biao)準制定過程中，按照精(jing)簡實(shi)用與(yu)(yu)適(shi)度超前相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，結(jie)合我國(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)發展現狀以及未來發展趨(qu)勢，標(biao)準給(gei)出了(le)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)經營人(ren)等(deng)核(he)心(xin)基礎概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)定義(yi)。同(tong)時，為(wei)適(shi)應多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)國(guo)(guo)際化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)作需要，標(biao)準也(ye)充(chong)分借鑒并吸收(shou)歐美現有術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)語，對(dui)于馱背運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸、內陸集(ji)裝箱(xiang)、交換(huan)箱(xiang)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)內尚未出現的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)形式(shi)(shi)和(he)裝備(bei)(bei)進行(xing)了(le)界定，力圖發揮標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)引導作用，推動多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)創新實(shi)踐和(he)國(guo)(guo)際化(hua)接(jie)軌(gui)。

市場急需加快推進

       如果(guo)說《貨物多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)術語》是(shi)多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)“詞典”，《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)標識(shi)(shi)》則是(shi)多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)裝(zhuang)備流(liu)通的(de)(de)(de)“身份證(zheng)”。多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)核心在于運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)在不(bu)同運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸方式(shi)(shi)之間的(de)(de)(de)快速轉換(huan)，與此同時(shi)，信(xin)(xin)息平(ping)臺對運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)調配(pei)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸途中監控和(he)(he)空(kong)置狀態(tai)信(xin)(xin)息進(jin)行(xing)(xing)記(ji)錄和(he)(he)交(jiao)換(huan)，而這就需要運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)有一個唯一的(de)(de)(de)編碼(ma)。《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)標識(shi)(shi)》規定的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)主代碼(ma)、設備識(shi)(shi)別(bie)碼(ma)、箱(xiang)(xiang)號(hao)和(he)(he)校驗碼(ma)可以(yi)保證(zheng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)標識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)唯一性，使(shi)得運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)、箱(xiang)(xiang)主和(he)(he)注(zhu)冊質量等信(xin)(xin)息可以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)實(shi)時(shi)監控，為(wei)多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)裝(zhuang)備快速發(fa)展和(he)(he)流(liu)通奠定了技術基礎(chu)。全球最大的(de)(de)(de)集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)造企業—中集集團表(biao)示，《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)(zai)(zai)單元(yuan)標識(shi)(shi)》將為(wei)企業生產(chan)多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)(xiang)、半(ban)掛車(che)和(he)(he)交(jiao)換(huan)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)提供裝(zhuang)備身份證(zheng)號(hao)，也為(wei)物流(liu)企業運(yun)(yun)(yun)營提供了信(xin)(xin)息化管理手段，對促進(jin)國家多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展意義重大。

        兩項(xiang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)發(fa)布為多式(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系的(de)(de)建立和(he)完(wan)善開(kai)了個好(hao)頭，但是多式(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系建設(she)仍然任(ren)重道遠(yuan)。據悉，下一步，交通運(yun)(yun)輸部將加大(da)(da)已頒布標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)宣貫力度，大(da)(da)力推(tui)動(dong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)應用實施；與此(ci)同時(shi)，緊密(mi)關注市(shi)場需求和(he)企業呼聲，進一步完(wan)善多式(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系表(biao)，推(tui)進相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)制修(xiu)訂工作有序開(kai)展。

                                                                                 （來源：船(chuan)員(yuan)服務）