編輯:amber 發(fa)表時間:2017-02-17
近日,交通運(yun)(yun)輸部正式(shi)(shi)發(fa)布(bu)了《貨物多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)術語》、《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)載單元(yuan)標(biao)(biao)識》兩項多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),將(jiang)于2017年4月1日起開(kai)始實(shi)施。這是交通運(yun)(yun)輸行(xing)業首次(ci)頒布(bu)多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。填補了多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)空(kong)白(bai),而(er)且兩項基礎性標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)頒布(bu)為后續多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)相關標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)制修(xiu)訂奠定了基礎,標(biao)(biao)志著我國多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系建設翻開(kai)了新(xin)的(de)篇章。
填補空白 統一行業認識
目前,國家正在大力推動多式聯運發展(zhan)。交通運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)部等十八個(ge)部門參(can)與起草的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)一步(bu)鼓勵開展(zhan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知》經(jing)(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院同(tong)意,已(yi)經(jing)(jing)正式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)印發實施,各地(di)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)創新實踐(jian)也在如火(huo)如荼地(di)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)邁入發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金時期。但是,由于(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)起源于(yu)(yu)歐美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)實踐(jian),各個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體制、環境和(he)(he)(he)視角各不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong),對于(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)內(nei)涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界定也不(bu)盡相(xiang)同(tong)。就(jiu)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)而言,由于(yu)(yu)在引(yin)入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)過程(cheng)中沒有(you)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)仔細(xi)區分,使得我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對相(xiang)關(guan)名詞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解讀和(he)(he)(he)翻譯容(rong)易出現偏差,在多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)術語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表述和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)上,經(jing)(jing)常會出現詞不(bu)達意、概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)模糊甚至概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)混淆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),對多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)涵認(ren)識(shi)不(bu)統(tong)一甚至相(xiang)互矛盾(dun),為多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)帶來許多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)誤解和(he)(he)(he)障礙(ai),制約了多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)以及(ji)服務水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高。多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)關(guan)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界定是推(tui)動多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)(ti),也是制定多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。兩項多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頒布實施,尤其是《貨物多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術語(yu)》,填補了我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白,統(tong)一了我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現有(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)關(guan)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)(he)術語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義(yi),有(you)利于(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)高多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)規范(fan)化(hua)水平(ping),對于(yu)(yu)深(shen)化(hua)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)認(ren)識(shi)、強化(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)交流、促進(jin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)實踐(jian)具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。
適度超前 引導行業發展
《貨物多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)》共包括多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)基礎(chu)術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、裝備術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、設施術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、作(zuo)業術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、參與(yu)者術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、服務與(yu)管理(li)術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)國際(ji)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等七個核(he)心(xin)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong),共計給出了(le)49條多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相(xiang)關術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)概念的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義。《多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識》對多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識系(xi)統及標(biao)(biao)(biao)識具體要求做出了(le)規定(ding)(ding)。在標(biao)(biao)(biao)準制定(ding)(ding)過程中,按(an)照(zhao)精簡實用與(yu)適度超前相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則,結(jie)合(he)我國多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展現狀以及未來發展趨勢,標(biao)(biao)(biao)準給出了(le)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)經營人等核(he)心(xin)基礎(chu)概念的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義。同時,為(wei)適應(ying)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)國際(ji)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)需要,標(biao)(biao)(biao)準也充分借鑒并吸收歐美現有(you)術(shu)(shu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),對于馱(tuo)背運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸、內陸集(ji)裝箱、交換箱等國內尚未出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)和(he)裝備進行(xing)了(le)界定(ding)(ding),力圖(tu)發揮標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)引導作(zuo)用,推動(dong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)創(chuang)新(xin)實踐(jian)和(he)國際(ji)化接(jie)軌。
市場急需加快推進
如(ru)果(guo)說(shuo)《貨物多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)術(shu)語》是多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)“詞(ci)典”,《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)標識》則(ze)是多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備流(liu)通的(de)(de)(de)“身份(fen)證”。多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)在于(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)在不同運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸方式(shi)(shi)(shi)之間的(de)(de)(de)快速轉換(huan),與此同時(shi),信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)平(ping)臺對運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)調配(pei)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸途中監控和(he)(he)空置狀態(tai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)進(jin)行記錄和(he)(he)交換(huan),而這就需(xu)要運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)有一個唯一的(de)(de)(de)編碼(ma)。《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)標識》規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)箱主(zhu)代碼(ma)、設備識別碼(ma)、箱號(hao)和(he)(he)校(xiao)驗碼(ma)可以保(bao)證運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)標識的(de)(de)(de)唯一性,使得(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)、箱主(zhu)和(he)(he)注(zhu)冊質量(liang)等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)可以進(jin)行實時(shi)監控,為多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備快速發展和(he)(he)流(liu)通奠定了(le)(le)技術(shu)基礎。全球最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱制造企業—中集集團表示,《多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)單元(yuan)(yuan)標識》將(jiang)為企業生產多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱、半掛車和(he)(he)交換(huan)箱體提(ti)供(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備身份(fen)證號(hao),也為物流(liu)企業運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)管理(li)手段(duan),對促進(jin)國家多(duo)(duo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)發展意義重大(da)。
兩(liang)項標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)發布(bu)為多式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)的(de)建立和(he)完善開(kai)了個好頭,但(dan)是(shi)多式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)建設(she)仍(reng)然(ran)任重道遠。據悉,下(xia)一步(bu),交通運(yun)輸部將加大(da)已(yi)頒布(bu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)宣貫力(li)度,大(da)力(li)推(tui)(tui)動標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)應用實(shi)施;與此同時,緊密關注市場需求和(he)企業呼聲,進一步(bu)完善多式(shi)(shi)聯運(yun)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)表,推(tui)(tui)進相關標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)制(zhi)修(xiu)訂工作有序(xu)開(kai)展。
(來源:船員服務)